Pathological observation of lung injury in experimental animals induced by non-ferrous metal (tin) dusts / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the characters of lung injury induced by tin dusts and to provide the diagnosis evidence of tin pneumoconiosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the group exposed to tin dusts from smelting workshop, the group exposed to tin dusts from tin refining workshop, the positive control group exposed to standard quartz dusts and the negative control group exposed to saline. The pathological changes of rat lungs were observed dynamically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In rats exposed to tin dusts, on the 30th day after exposure to tin dusts, the scattered hoar tip size of the spots in surface and section of the lungs were observed, the scattered focal granulomatous inflammation around the small bronchi and dust particles in lung tissue were observed under microscope; on the 90th day after exposure to tin dusts, the granulomatous inflammation increase, the fibroblasts proliferation, collagen fibers formation and positive VG staining were found. There were significant differences, as compared with positive or negative controls (P < 0.05). These pathological changes were basically the characters of specific pathological changes in early tin pneumoconiosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Non-ferrous metal tin dusts can induce the specific lung injury (granuloma formation) in lung tissue of rats exposed to tin dusts, which fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of specific pathological changes in early tin pneumoconiosis.</p>

The influence of rotary manipulation on the internal pressure of cervical nucleus pulposus / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the pressure changes inside the cervical nucleus pulposus in fresh human cervical specimen by imitating different rotary manipulations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The load of 100 N was applied for 5 second on the six fresh male cervical samples by using material test system, which imitated the human head weigh and the strength of cervical extensor muscle. After that, traction, rotation and pulling on the samples were performed in different sequence under the force of 150, 200, 300 N respectively. Three states were included in adding the load state A: samples were loaded with traction and then rotation to the biggest angle, pulling backward for 15 degrees; state B: samples were loaded with rotary stress to the biggest angle and then loaded with traction, pulling backward for 15 degrees; state C: samples were loaded simultaneously with traction and rotary stress to the biggest angle, pulling backward for 15 degrees. The internal pressure of cervical nucleus pulposus at segment of C(3,4), C(4,5), C(5,6), and C7 was measurred by micro-pressure sensors for state A, B, C and for the imitation of head weight and the strength of cervical extensor muscle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pressure inside the cervical nucleus pulposus at segments C(5,6), C(6,7) was higher than that at segments C(3,4) and C(4,5) (P < 0.05) by loading stress with 100 N for 5 seconds. The internal pressure of the nucleus pulposus decreased with the increase of traction (P < 0.05), and increased when traction and rotary force were loaded. State A, the value of increased pressure within the nucleus pulposus became smaller and smaller while increasing of the traction force loaded (P < 0.05). State B, the increase of internal pressure in nucleus pulposus became obvious as loading pressure increased (P < 0.05). State C, the internal pressure in nucleus pulposus was not increased obviously (P > 0.05). There was a transitional pressure raise inside all cervical nucleus pulposus when pulling added after different sepuence traction and rotary strength was applied, however, the internal pressure of state A was significantly higher than that of state B or C (P < 0.05). There was also a transitional pressure raise inside all cervical nucleus pulposus when pulling added in different strength (P < 0.05),the internal pressure by pulling with 150 N was obviously higher than that with 200 N and 300 N (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The order of rotation first and traction second should be avoided when practice of rotary manupuplation in case protrusion of the nucleus pulposus. Meanwhile, proper traction should be applied along with rotary manipulation in order to increase its safety.</p>

Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing clinical therapeutic effect on acute tetramine poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors affecting clinical therapeutic effect on acute tetramine poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using Logistic regression to analyze the relationships among the degree of tetramine poisoning, time of onset, time of admission, exposure history, sex, age, unithol, gastric lavage, etc with the death of poisonded patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fatality rate of patient with tetramine poisoning who got gastric lavage was less than that who did not (5.85% vs 38.00%, P < 0.01). In patients who got gastric lavage, the fatality rates were increased with the degree of tetramine poisoning (control: 0%, mild poisoning: 3.07%, severe poisoning: 9.14%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in fatality between using unithol and not using patients (7.22% vs 8.25%, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Unithol has no significant influence of clinical therapeutic effect on tetramine poisoning patients and dose not reduce the fatality rate of patient with tetramine poisoning, but gastric lavage and the degree of tetramine poisoning do. Logistic regression analysis showed that gastric lavage is the main factor affecting the therapeutic effect on tetramine poisoning.</p>